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| LETTER TO THE EDITOR |
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| Year : 2017 | Volume
: 19
| Issue : 4 | Page : 505-506 |
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A case of spermatic cord cyst with nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia
Hong-Jie Chen1, Dong-Hai Li2, Jun Zhang1
1 Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730050, China
2 Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730050, China
| Date of Submission | 15-Mar-2016 |
| Date of Decision | 16-Jul-2016 |
| Date of Acceptance | 17-Nov-2016 |
| Date of Web Publication | 27-Dec-2016 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Hong-Jie Chen
Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730050, China
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.194818
How to cite this article:
Chen HJ, Li DH, Zhang J. A case of spermatic cord cyst with nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia. Asian J Androl 2017;19:505-6 |
How to cite this URL:
Chen HJ, Li DH, Zhang J. A case of spermatic cord cyst with nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia. Asian J Androl [serial online] 2017 [cited 2019 Dec 7];19:505-6. Available from: http://www.ajandrology.com/text.asp?2017/19/4/505/194818 - DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.194818 |
Dear Editor,
Nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia (NHMH) is a rare and benign tumor-like lesion and easily misdiagnosed clinically and pathologically. We report a case of right spermatic cord cyst with NHMH.
A 4-year-old patient presented with a right spermatic cord cyst, which developed 4 years ago. He had no history of trauma, inflammation, urinary tract infection, or surgery. Transillumination of scrotum was positive, revealing a cyst measuring about 3 cm × 2 cm × 3 cm. Excision of the cyst was performed under general anesthesia. Macroscopically, a mural nodule with a diameter of 6 mm was found in the cyst. Histologically, a solid-appearing cell cluster was detected in the mural nodule. Morphology included relatively single, cohesive polygonal or oval cells, arranged in solid sheets or nests, with ovoid or deeply grooved nuclei and a moderate amount of pale pink cytoplasm in the nodular area. The nuclei had delicate chromatin and no obvious atypia and mitosis ([Figure 1]). Immunohistochemically, the histiocytic cells were strongly positive for the histiocytic marker vimentin, CD68 ([Figure 2]), and negative for S-100, cytokeratin, calretinin, pan-cytokeratin (pan-CK), desmin, and smooth muscle actin (SMA). The pathological diagnosis was spermatic cord cyst with NHMH. | Figure 1: (a) The nodular appearance of the lesion is displayed. The arrow shows nodular area. Scale bar = 500 μm. (b) The lesion area presents nodular and lobulated. Scale bar = 200 μm. (c) The cell morphology is relatively single, cohesive polygonal or oval cells. Scale bar = 100 μm. (d) The aggregates of cells show abundant cytoplasm and ovoid or twisted nuclei. Scale bar = 50 μm.
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 | Figure 2: (a) Vimentin(+), the nodular clusters (arrow) of lesional cells are positive for vimentin by immunohistochemistry. (b) CD68(+), the nodular clusters (arrow) of lesional cells are positive for CD68 by immunohistochemistry. Scale bars = 200 μm.
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The concept of NHMH was first presented by Chan et al.[1] in 1997. Their study demonstrated nodular lesions composed of mostly diffuse CD68-positive cells admixed with a few mesothelial cells. We searched for NHMH at PubMed using the following keywords: nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia, nodular histiocytic hyperplasia, and nodular mesothelial hyperplasia. A total of less than fifty cases of NHMH were found in different parts of the body, including lung, pleura, peritoneum, endometrium, pericardium, omentum majus, bladder, inguinal hernia, and spermatic cord cyst.[2],[3],[4],[5]
The etiology of NHMH is still unknown. Studies suggest that it may be a reactive lesion caused by inflammation, trauma, or tumors.[1],[6],[7] Suarez-Vilela and Lzquierdo-Garcia suggested that NHMH was a process mediated by adhesion molecules and their respective ligands, after mesothelial injury and cytokine stimulation.[8]
Morphology of NHMH resembles tumor growth. NHMH is predominantly composed of histiocytes with scattered mesothelial cells.[9],[10] Histiocytic proliferation may be confused with primary mesothelial lesions or neoplasms such as granulosa cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and carcinoma.[8]
NHMH is easily misdiagnosed as malignancy when cells of the mural nodule exhibit atypia and active mitosis, which may lead to overtreatment in clinical practice. Choi and Song suggested that cytological examination should be combined with immunohistochemistry to facilitate accurate diagnosis and avoid invasive procedures or unnecessary therapies.[10]
The purpose of this article is to delineate the clinicopathologic features of NHMH and spread awareness of the benign nature of the disease, to prevent a diagnosis of malignancy and associated radical management.
| Author Contributions | |  |
HJC and JZ took care of the patient and collected clinical information; HJC drafted the manuscript; and DHL performed the pathology. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
| Competing Interests | | |
The authors declare no competing interests.
| References | | |
| 1. | Chan JK, Loo KT, Yau BK. Nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia: a lesion potentially mistaken for a neoplasm in transbronchial biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol 1997; 21: 658-63.  |
| 2. | Chikkamuniyappa S, Herrick J, Jagirdar JS. Nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia: a potential pitfall. Ann Diagn Pathol 2004; 8: 115-20. |
| 3. | Cabibi D, Lo Iacono G, Raffaele F, Dioguardi S, Ingrao S, et al. Nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia as consequence of chronic mesothelium irritation by subphrenic abscess. Future Oncol 2015; 11: 51-5. |
| 4. | Kim KR, Lee YH, Ro JY. Nodular histiocytic hyperplasia of the endometrium. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2002; 21: 141-6. |
| 5. | Fukunaga M, Iwaki S. Nodular histiocytic hyperplasia of the endometrium. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128: 1032-4. |
| 6. | Hu ZL, Lü H, Yin HL, Wen JF, Jin O. A case of mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescence and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2010; 5: 40-4. |
| 7. | Nicolas MM, Nazarullah A, Jagirdar JS. Nodular histiocytic and mesothelial hyperplasia. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 19: 781-2. |
| 8. | Suarez-Vilela D, Lzquierdo-Garcia FM. Nodular histiocytic/mesothelial hyperplasia: a process mediated by adhesion molecules? Histopathology 2002; 40: 299-300. |
| 9. | Ordonez NG, Ro JY, Ayala AG. Lesions described as nodular mesothelial hyperplasia are primarily composed histiocytes. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22: 285-92. |
| 10. | Choi YL, Song SY. Cytologic clue of so-called nodular histiocytic hyperplasia of the pleura. Diagn Cytopathol 2001; 24: 256-9. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
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